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Traducere "cervical lesions" în română Hpv high risk levels Traducere "cervical lesions" în română In addition to tobacco and alcohol abuse, certain viruses have been associated with squamous cell carcinoma SCC of the head and neck, causing alterations in DNA. It has been demonstrated that the human papil­loma­virus HPV type 16, a subtype of the human pa­pil­loma­virus, is present in the oropharyngeal carcinomas of non-smokers patients inclusive.

HPV-infected cells express some viral proteins encoded by genes called E6 and E7, and can inactivate hpv high risk levels protein and the retinoblastoma-type pro­tein RBP involved in the regulation of proliferation and cell death.

Materials and method. We present an immunohistochemical study conducted to identify significant tumour markers in tonsillar SCC. We present the sta­tis­tically significant correlations between the presence of immunohistochemical markers and studied local re­cur­rence, lymph node recurrence and risk of a second can­cer in hpv high risk levels aerodigestive upper tract.

The de­mon­stration of HPV in tonsillar tumour tissue requires hpv high risk levels situ hybridization or polymerase chain reaction PCR for the evidence of viral genome included into the papillomavirus verrue homme cell.

The practical implications of an etiologic role of HPV in head and neck cancer generally and in tonsillar SCC in particular remains in question and is hpv high risk levels relate with prog­nosis, treatment and prevention. În afară de consumul de tutun şi abuzul de al­cool, anumite virusuri au fost asociate cu carcinomul hpv high risk levels celule scuamoase CCS al capului şi gâtului, cauzând al­te­rări la nivelul ADN-ului.

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Este dovedit că virusul papiloma uman HPVtipul 16, este prezent la nivelul carcinoamelor orofaringiene inclusiv în cazul nefumătorilor. Celulele in­fec­ta­te cu HPV exprimă unele proteine virale codate de ge­ne­le denumite E6 şi E7 hpv high risk levels pot inactiva proteina p53 şi pro­tei­na de tip retinoblastom RBP implicate în reglarea pro­li­fe­ră­rii şi hpv high risk levels celulare.

Pre­zen­tăm un stu­diu imunohistochimic realizat cu scopul de a identifica mar­keri tumorali semnificativi în CCS de amig­da­lă. Pre­zen­tăm co­re­la­ţiile semnificative statistic între prezenţa mar­ke­rilor imu­no­his­to­chimici şi recurenţa locală, recurenţa no­du­lilor limfatici şi ris­cul apariţiei unui al doilea cancer în trac­tul aerodigestiv su­pe­rior.

Hpv high risk facts Frequently Asked Questions about HPV Testing papiloma virus b19 The benefits are certain in some cases: life years gained for those with curable disease, avoidance of morbidity, reassurance that the disease is at a very early stage, avoiding expenses of treatment for advanced cancers and extra years of productivity. But screening tests also have disadvantages, so a balanced decision must be made, with the help of clinical randomized trials. In this article I will present the current methods for screening accepted for general population and particular screening reserved for persons at high risk. Although in the first case the benefit is proven, the use of these methods in practice varies largely due to lack of resources and well hpv high risk facts health hpv high risk levels. Are smoking and HPV risk factors for head and neck cancer?

Punerea în evidenţă a HPV-ului în hpv high risk levels tu­mo­ral amigdalian necesită hibridizare in situ şi reacţie de polimerizare în lanţ PCR pentru punerea în evidenţă a genomului viral conţinut în celula-gazdă. Im­pli­caţiile practice ale unui rol etiologic al HPV-ului în can­ce­rele de cap şi gât, în general, şi în CCS de amigdală, în par­ti­cu­lar, reprezintă un subiect în dezbatere, fiind în relaţie cu prog­nos­ticul, tratamentul şi prevenţia acestor tipuri de can­cere.

Cuvinte cheie carcinomul cu celule scuamoase de amigdală CCS HPV markeri tumorali Introduction The tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma SCC is becoming a public health problem because of its rising incidence in the last 20 years, in contrast to the decreasing incidence of hpv high risk levels in other subsites of head and neck associated to the reduced prevalence of smoking.

Hpv high risk levels tumours of oral cavity, oropha­rynx, larynx, hypopharynx and sinonasal region are linked by common characteristics, including a male predominant appearance in the 5th-6th decade of life, an important etiological link with tobacco, alcohol use or betel hpv high risk levels chewing, and a histopathological resemblance 1.

Data regarding the epidemiology revealed that in Romania the oropharyngeal cancer represents 2. In France, during the last 30 years, the mortality in oral and oropharyngeal hpv high risk levels increased hpv high risk levels three times 1.

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As hpv high risk levels cervical cancers, the oropharyngeal infection with HPV is a sexually transmitted disease which involves some particularities of sexual behaviour: a large number of vaginal sex partners, oral and anal sex. The recent increasing of OPSCC incidence may reflect the social changes regarding sexual behaviour in the modern world 6.

Hpv high risk levels cu virusul papiloma uman şi strategii de implementare a imunizării The anatomical sites preferred by HPV in oropharynx are the tonsils and the tongue, because of the unique presence of transitional mucosa in oropharynx and particular in tonsillar tissue, which presents important histological similarities with the cervical mucosa. Tonsillar epithelium invagination may favour virus capture and promote its access to basal cells the only dividing cells in papillomavirus verrue pied epithelium.

The tonsillar tissue could be a reservoir for HPV in the upper aero digestive tract. We had two premises for our study on hpv high risk levels cancers. The second consists in the fact that mutagens such as tobacco, alcohol and HPV viral oncogenes E6 and E7 induce dysfunctions of two major mechanisms of cellular cycle, which involves the p53 and RBP tumoral suppressor genes 2.

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Materials and method We made an immunohistochemical retrospective study between hpv high risk levels to identify any correlations between tumoral markers and the evolution and prognosis in tonsillar SCC.

Materials We studied 52 cases of patients diagnosed with tonsillar SCC. We had a first group Group I with 25 cases, where the positive diagnose was made by biopsy and these patients had radiotherapy as first curative method of treatment. Hpv high risk levels had a second group Group II with 27 cases, where the positive diagnose was made on surgical specimens and these patients had surgery as the first curative method of treatment.

The two groups were similar regarding age and gender distribution. The dilutions and markers specifications are revealed in Table 1. We also studied lymphocyte populations CD4, CD8, and populations of dendritic cells in tumour tissue.

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Table 1. The dilutions and hpv high risk levels specifications For the immunohistochemical identification of tumoral antigens we used the three-stadial indirect method Avidine-Biotine-Peroxidase ABPafter Hsu and colab. Results The gender repartition of cases was: 47 male cases and 5 female cases. The age repartition of cases was: two cases between years old, 14 cases between years old, 21 cases between years old, 10 cases between years old, and five cases between years helmintox side effects. The correlation coefficient between the two sets of data, corresponding to Group I and Group II, was 0.

In both groups, we had 48 smoker patients, representing The patients who were hpv high risk levels smokers and alcohol consumers represented We studied the tumoral markers on 52 cases of squamous cell carcinoma.

Thirty-eight cases were well differentiated carcinoma and 14 cases were medium differentiated carcinoma. We present the results, that we considered immunohistochemically valid and statistically significant Table 2.

Table 2.

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The distribution of tumoral markers in specimens of SCC studied We realised a correlation between the presence of the tumoral marker of a certain type positive and slowly positive results and the post-therapeutic evolution — local recurrence, nodal relapse, the occurrence of second hpv high risk levels in upper aerodigestive was tun gegen hpv virus ways and distance metastases.

Infecţia cu virusul papiloma uman şi strategii de implementare a imunizării We have had patients who had more than one recurrence in the same time. Hpv high risk levels purpose was to identify the correlations between markers of evolution and prognosis in tonsillar SCC. Studiul dovedeste faptul ca infectia persistenta cu HPV este asociata cu cresterea riscului aparitiei leziunilor la nivelul colului. Analysis of efficacy of Silgard against high grade cervical lesions in the PPE population Analiza eficacităţii Silgard împotriva leziunilor cervicale de grad înalt, la populaţia PPE See section 5.

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Our results indicate p53 protein and RBP protein as tumoral markers of hpv high risk levels prognosis for post-therapeutic evolution in tonsillar SCC.

For TGFa, we can make a correlation between its level in tumoral tissue and the risk of loco-regional relapse. For the HPV identification in tumoral tissue, we used the identification of capsid p16 protein, so we cannot make definitive conclusions referring at the presence or absence of HPV in the tumoral tissue for hpv high risk levels with tonsillar SCC. But we realised a correlation between the presence of HPV and the type of post-therapeutic evolution Figures Figure 1.

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The presence of RBP protein 48 positive and slowly positive cases was associated with local recurrence in 29 cases The hpv high risk levels of TGF protein 41 positive hpv high hpv high risk levels levels slowly positive cases was associated with local recurrence in 18 cases The presence of HPV capsid protein 14 positive cases was associated with local recurrence in nine cases Figure 6.

Tumoral markers in evolution of tonsillar SCC result of our retrospective study From our data, we can certify hpv high risk levels prognostic factors in tonsillar SCC: T stage, N stage, performing or not an elective type of clinical negative neck N0, type of neck dissection, the total dose of radiotherapy.

We cannot make statistical significant conclusions referring to the HPV presence in tumoral tissue in tonsillar SCC and long-term prognosis.

Demonstrating the presence of HPV in tonsillar tumoral tissue imposes hybridisation in hpv high risk levels or polymerase chain reaction PCR. Discussion Slaughter et hpv high risk levels.

They explained the greater risk for multiple primary cancers 8. Tobacco and alcohol abuse increase the risk for a second cancer development in patients with oropharyngeal SCC. Many clinical studies searched for the p53 protein mutations on surgical specimens from patients with OFSCC.

The patients with surgical positive edges for p53 protein mutations have a higher risk of local relapse P53 protein mutations are involved in the loco-regional failure at OFSCC tonsillar with curative radiotherapy The HPV 16 DNA was identified only in primary tumour cells hpv high risk levels in their metastases in similar manner with cervical cancer 3.

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The presence of HPV 16 genome was revealed by polymerase chain reaction PCR or hpv high risk levels method of hybridisation in situ, which certified the hpv high risk levels of viral genome included in host cell genome It is necessary to make a study on HPV tonsillar infection in non-smokers and non-alcoholic consumers. Human papillomavirus infection and immunization strategies Our method for HPV identification was immunohistochemistry for p16 protein, which is a specific capsid protein of HPV 16 type, so we cannot certify the presence of HPV genome in all specimens studied.

We were in the situation of the unavailability of the in situ hybridization hpv genital lesion or polymerase chain reaction for HPV 16 type during the study. We have to mention the high cost for identifying viral markers. Clinical stadialization represents the primary guide to choose the therapeutic modality, but it is a limited guide.

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We expected hpv high risk levels genetic analysis to be the method of future, meaning the identification of markers for prevention, therapy and good prognosis. Recent studies showed an inverse correlation between the presence of HPV and p53 protein mutations. The HPV-positive tumors have genetic alterations associated with a better hpv high risk levels to chemotherapy and with an improved radio-sensitivity. The immune response of the patient is better, because of the immune stimulation realised by viral antigens.

The younger age with less comorbidities may contribute to a better prognosis Prophylactic vaccination is hpv high risk levels hpv high risk levels in already diagnosed infections and in malignant lesions, so it is necessary hpv high risk levels study the efficiency of therapeutic HPV vaccination in the treatment of HPV-associated cancer 1.

We found in lite­rature premises for the hpv high risk levels vaccination in HPV-induced hpv high risk levels, where this type of vaccine induced a cytolytic immune response in cells which express it 5. It is necessary hpv high risk levels study the carriage of HPV in apparently normal tonsillar tissue, to have screening programmes and to select the patients at cancer pancreatic causes for OFSCC Conclusions The prognosis in tonsillar SCC is mediocre, due to local recurrence, nodal relapse, the occurrence of second cancers in upper aerodigestive upper ways 17 and to distance metastases.

From our data, we can certify as prognostic factors in tonsillar SCC: T stage, N stage, performing or not an elective type of clinic negative neck N0, type of neck dissection and total dose of radiotherapy.

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We cannot draw significant conclusions referring to hpv high risk levels HPV presence in tumoral tissue in tonsillar SCC and regarding the prognosis signification of the HPV presence in the tumoral tissue.

The presence of HPV 16 can be considered a positive prognostic factor for disease-free survival and for healing, but the use as a predictive marker has not yet been proven. Hpv high risk levels best treatment against cancer is prevention, especially in malignancies where the main pathogen agent is known, and we are talking here about smoking, alcohol consume and a safe sexual behaviour. Ethical approval: All authors hereby declare that all experiments have been examined and hpv high risk levels hpv high risk levels the appropriate ethics committee and have therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki.